Analytical Definitions
Peptide Science & Chemistry Glossary.
Clear, precise scientific definitions for analytical testing methodologies, purification standards, sequence notations, and receptor pharmacology.
HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography)
An analytical technique used to separate, identify, and quantify each component in a mixture. Reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) measures peptide purity by calculating the area under the primary compound peak relative to total peak areas (≥99.0%).
ESI-MS (Mass Spectrometry)
Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry ionizes peptide molecules into gas-phase ions without thermal degradation to measure their exact molecular mass-to-charge ratio (m/z), confirming chemical identity and sequence correctness.
Lyophilization (Freeze-Drying)
A dehydration process where a peptide solution is frozen and water is removed via sublimation under high vacuum. Yields a stable, porous cake ready for long-term storage and reconstitution.
Bacteriostatic Water (BAC)
Sterile non-pyrogenic water containing 0.9% (9 mg/mL) benzyl alcohol added as a bacteriostatic preservative, allowing multi-dose laboratory vial access while suppressing bacterial growth.
Incretin Mimetics
Peptides engineered to bind to and activate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon receptors, modulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion, gastric motility, and energy expenditure.
TFA (Trifluoroacetic Acid) Salt
A counterion commonly used in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) cleavage and HPLC purification. Industrial research standards measure net peptide content (excluding TFA salts) to guarantee accurate analytical concentrations.
GHRH vs. GHRP
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormones (GHRH, e.g., CJC-1295, Tesamorelin) bind to pituitary GHRH receptors, while Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP, e.g., Ipamorelin) stimulate the ghrelin/growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR-1a).
RUO (Research Use Only)
Designates laboratory reagent materials manufactured exclusively for in-vitro analytical testing, scientific research, and educational demonstration, and strictly not for diagnostic, clinical, human, or veterinary administration.
Elimination Half-Life (t1/2)
The duration required for the concentration of a peptide in a closed biological or enzymatic medium to decrease by 50%. Native peptides typically exhibit minutes-long half-lives, whereas acylated analogs exhibit days-long stability.